A native of Brooklyn, New York, Archbishop Balvo presented his credentials to the Governor-General of Australia on April 1 – the 17th anniversary of his first appointment as an Apostolic Nuncio, to New Zealand and the islands of the Pacific.

He has also served as papal ambassador to Kenya and South Sudan and, most recently, to the Czech Republic. He had held earlier diplomatic postings to Latin America, the Baltic States, Africa and the Middle East.

Archbishop Balvo said a visit to Rome last November to meet with Pope Francis had an unexpected outcome: He was to take up the Australian post vacated last year when Archbishop Adolfo Tito Yllana was named Apostolic Nuncio to Israel and to Cyprus, as well as Apostolic Delegate to Jerusalem and Palestine.

Archbishop Balvo said the task of any Apostolic Nuncio is to be “the eyes, ears, hands, if you will, of the Holy Father, an extension of the Holy Father's Ministry, because the Holy Father has his concern for the Church, all aspects of its life”.

Having served in New Zealand, Archbishop Balvo said he had visited Australia on a few occasions, including for a meeting of the bishops of Oceania and for World Youth Day 2008.
With his new appointment, he knows visiting the local Churches and meeting with the People of God will be the best way to get to know the bishops and the faithful.

“It's a question of being in personal contact and to understand in some way the life of the Church in the country to which you are sent,” he said.

“That's how you see what are the conditions of the Church. You talk to people and let people talk to you.”

Given that Australia is almost 100 times the size of the Czech Republic, Archbishop Balvo knows that getting to all 28 geographical dioceses won’t be easy, but he’s committed to doing that.
One of his first visits will be to the Diocese of Maitland-Newcastle, where he will spend time during Holy Week with Catholics who are still mourning the death of Bishop Bill Wright last November.
Archbishop Balvo spoke with Gavin Abraham from the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference soon after his arrival in Australia. Here is part of their conversation.

You've spent the last 17 years as an Apostolic Nuncio. Can you tell us a little bit about what the roles and the tasks of a papal nuncio are?

Essentially what a nuncio is, you are the eyes, ears, hands, if you will, of the Holy Father, an extension of the Holy Father's Ministry, because the Holy Father has his concern for the Church, for all aspects of its life.

It is that kind of a personal representation of what the Holy Father wants to be for the whole church. He can't be everywhere. Certainly, in the past, Pope John Paul and Pope Benedict and now Pope Francis travelled a great deal.

So many people have been able physically to see the Holy Father. Those are one-time events and, you know, New Zealand for example, the only visit was in 1986. That really almost is ancient history for many.In some places, people really have a living sense or an active sense that “You are the Holy Father for us, you're his presence”.  So that's the essence of our work to do that, to be able to communicate through what we say, in homilies and other things, some of the concerns of the Holy Father and then to keep him informed about how life is, both the life of the society and the Church in the places where we live.

We have certainly a lot of formal things as being an ambassador. You have functions in which you participate, Anzac Day for example, other things where you have these kinds of formal roles. But that really doesn't take a lot of our time. Most of our time is with the Church. So, in order to know it, you have to travel.

Depending on where I was, I am invited to celebrate Masses, to lead pilgrimages, to give talks, interviews. That's part of the work – to be able to communicate with people.

Probably the most important work that [Nuncios] do is we are the ones responsible for the process of gathering information and submitting it to the Holy Father for the appointment of bishops.
The bishops are the shepherds of the local Church and it's certainly a challenging task. And it's one that has a certain level of confidentiality and a certain level of interest. You know, “who is going to be our next bishop?”  But that's an important work and it takes a lot of discernment and a lot of physical hard work. Certainly, it's much more a challenge just to try to identify, to discern the person who most likely would be the best or suitable for being the shepherd of the particular diocese. Here in Australia, there are some processes that are ongoing, and there will be in the future as bishops reach 75 and offer their resignation to the Holy Father.

So that's an important – and one of the most important – duties that we have.


During your years serving in New Zealand and in the Pacific, you had some connection with Australia. Can you talk a little bit about the interaction you had with the Church in Australia during that time?

My first encounter with Australia was simply transiting through Sydney on my way to Wellington.

But there are two things. One is that there is, in the region, a federation [of bishops’ conferences]. Here you have the FCBCO – the Federation of Catholic Bishops Conferences of Oceania: Australia, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands, New Zealand and CEPAC (the Episcopal Conference of the Pacific).

And because there are just a few conferences, the practice has been to invite all the bishops. I found it very, very useful and I made some friendships. There were some bishops with whom I struck up conversations.

In 2010, the FCBCO was in Sydney. It was an opportunity to get to know and to meet and to see some experience of, at least the bishops, in Australia. So, I certainly had some sense of the many challenges that they face in their ministry – some of them having very, very large territories in Western Australia or other places. So, it was a taste, if you will, of what the Church was like and some of the concerns that the bishops had.

The other was in 2008, when the World Youth Day took place. As a Nuncio, I don't have any direct responsibility – the bishop of the diocese will go with his group. When the [World Youth Day] was here in Sydney, being not so far away, only three hours or so of flight time, I went with a group on one of the flights from Wellington. There were about 4000 pilgrims that came over from New Zealand.

I was a bit of a free agent in that sense and so I registered to give the catechesis. The English language group being so large, we went to different places. So that was a real encounter being almost a week in Sydney and participating in the catechesis. That was a good opportunity for me to meet many more of the bishops.


Pope Francis told you of your impending appointment late last year. You had important work to complete in the Czech Republic, but what were you expecting you might find within the Church in Australia?

My preparation was more generic, because we had quite a few things to finish, including a bishop’s appointment.

But I did know, although I didn't know a lot about it, that there had been the [first assembly of the] Plenary Council that took place in October, which I discovered afterwards.

To be frank, I knew that the Church here was really hard hit by the sex abuse crisis. Coming originally from the United States, it was also a big problem. And it was felt at the beginning, it was just very localised. But in fact, it's a problem that the Church has faced everywhere.

So, I knew that here you had had the royal commission. I don’t know a lot of the details still, and there's now a lot of building confidence. How do you apologise for such a thing in an adequate way that people are able to trust you once again?  Personally speaking, I was going around for a lot of Masses in the Czech Republic, and you have a lot of altar servers – adolescents and teenagers – and you wonder: do they trust us?

So, I know that just generally speaking, that it would be an issue here. How does the Church rebuild itself? How do you regain people's confidence? It’s not something that I alone have to deal with, but it's something that the Church as a whole does.


How will you spend the next few months trying to better understand the life of the Church in Australia?

There will be two institutional events, which will be the meeting of the Bishops Conference in May and then the meeting of the Plenary Council in July. So, there you have concentrated moments, but then certainly to travel, to go around.

Next week, I volunteered for the Holy Week Triduum to go where I am useful. Of course, I could always celebrate in a small group in the chapel at the Nunciature, but having had the experience of celebrating in parishes, and I know the importance of the Triduum to the life of the Church and particularly, for me personally, the Easter Vigil I feel is the most beautiful liturgy in the whole year.
I thought, well, where can I go? So, I made contact, since in Maitland-Newcastle there is no bishop, they said, “You would be welcome.” So that’s a start.

Bishop Foley from Cairns has invited me; I said yes, I'd like to go. So little by little. Now it's possible to travel throughout the country to do that. That's how you see, what are the conditions of the Church. You talk to people and let people talk to you.

I know that when the nuncio arrives, they think, “This big man is coming”, and in all these places they prepare the best. Anyone, if you have a guest, you want to show the best. If you bring somebody home, you don't want to take them to the worst room in your house; you want to give them the best. I'm aware of the fact that sometimes you can think that this is the whole situation at this particular one big Mass that you're invited to celebrate.

This is an opportunity to see the conditions in which people are living and to listen to people. So, my plan is to do that as much as I can by visiting different parts of the country. I’ve only touched a minimal part of Australia on these past occasions I’ve had to come.

Even when I was in the Czech Republic and Prague, some people would say, “Would you really come to our little parish?” and I did. It doesn’t matter how many people are there. It's a question of being the personal contact and to understand in some way the life of the Church in the country to which you are sent.

So, it is my intention to do that and to travel as much as possible, not to be on the road all the time. We actually have work to do, office work. But to do that, that's important. Generically speaking, it's my intention to travel and go to see all the dioceses, if that's possible – not to see every corner of every diocese, that isn't even possible in a small country.

I will be 71 in June. So, the number of years that I will be here will not be as many as others perhaps. But God willing, and if God continues to give me good health, I really look forward to it.


You're an American yourself. You served in New Zealand and the Pacific. You served in Africa. You served in Europe and now in Australia. What has that shown you about the universality of the Church?

In my life I've been very privileged in that sense. Even before I was in West Africa, I was in Latin America. I was in Jordan, in the Middle East. I was there in the Czech Republic once. I spent time in the Baltic States. And when I was in Chile, I had a unique experience, which was to travel on a Chilean icebreaker to Antarctica and to celebrate Mass even there in a chapel at one of the bases.
I thought I would spend my whole life just working in the tiny little Archdiocese of New York. But then I've managed to see a great deal of the world.

It's one of the things that you see, all the different ways that the Church lives. The most uniting aspect, of course, is the Mass, the Eucharist, which we are all celebrating and in different ways – a European Western tradition, the African traditions, the Pacific Islands – there are different ways in which the liturgy is celebrated.

You've heard the use of the term inculturation, which in some ways, can be just a window dressing. But other places it really is very much a reflection of and involvement in the way in which people live their lives and understand the faith.

I have found it really to be a blessing for my life to see the fact that all over the world, we are united in our faith together. It’s something that is very important.

Czechoslovakia was one of the worst situations for the Catholic Church in Eastern Europe as far as persecution was concerned. When I was a student in primary and secondary school, Catholic schools, in New York, we were always praying for the Church in these countries, in Poland and Hungary and Czechoslovakia.

So, when I was [in the Czech Republic], I could say, “When I was a child, we prayed for you”.

There is this union of the Church that those who have more freedom will pray for those who do not. We have that sense of unity which will overcome so many, many difficulties. There are other countries in the world right now where practice of religious faith is very difficult or impeded in some way.

I think [universality] is a very, very strong value because sometimes churches can become very national in the sense that they're very much identified with their country, which in a way is certainly natural. You know, we are Australian, American or Czech, and we relate to where the Church is, whatever the history of the place in which we live. But we are also free from that. We have the ability to step back and see how the life of where we are living can be better.

The Church can be prophetic and speak to issues, which I think is one thing of having a universal Church and not one tied just to one place. But as I said, the most uniting thing is that we are together praying in the liturgy, listening to the Word of God and sharing the Eucharist.


How can the Church respond to the needs of the faithful and the wider society?

One of the things that people have always appreciated about the Church in different places is the life of service – how much they do. In some of the places where I’ve lived, like in Africa, in Kenya or even more in South Sudan, so much of their education and healthcare is provided through Catholic networks, through the sacrifice, especially of religious men and women.

So, I think that's one of the ways in which we can help overcome some of the difficulties that we have faced, especially with trying to regain people's credibility, will be through service; how we can serve those who are most in need, the marginalised, and really dedicate ourselves to that.

And, of course, the life of prayer, the life of worship. That's important.